The Trump administration signed a landmark civil nuclear cooperation agreement with Saudi Arabia this week, a deal officials say will lock in American companies as the kingdom’s exclusive partner for a nuclear energy buildout expected to be worth billions of dollars over several decades.
Energy Secretary Chris Wright signed the agreement alongside Saudi Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, with the Department of Energy touting it as a win for American jobs, energy dominance, and strategic influence in the Middle East. The agreement builds on President Trump’s executive order on deploying advanced nuclear reactor technologies and specifically supports an expansion of international partners for U.S. civil nuclear cooperation.
What’s in the Deal
The agreement, known as a “123 agreement” under the Atomic Energy Act, is expected to last 30 years and gives American firms — most notably legacy nuclear giant Westinghouse — priority access to build and supply Saudi Arabia’s civilian reactor program. It also grants Saudi Arabia a pathway toward enriching its own nuclear fuel domestically.
The Department of Energy says the partnership will expand American nuclear technology exports, create high-paying U.S. jobs, strengthen America’s energy and national security posture, and deepen the strategic partnership between the U.S. and Saudi Arabia — while reinforcing global nonproliferation standards. “These agreements reflect our two nations’ shared commitment to strengthening U.S.-Saudi commercial relations, delivering prosperity at home and security to our allies abroad,” Wright said.
Democrats Raise Concerns
Not everyone is on board. Some nonproliferation-focused lawmakers and former officials have questioned why the deal doesn’t require Saudi Arabia to forgo enrichment entirely, the so-called “gold standard” the U.S. has required of partners like the UAE in the past. Rep. Brad Sherman, D-Calif., had urged the administration before the announcement to hold the Saudis to the same standard applied elsewhere.
The deal must now go before Congress for a mandatory 90-day review period, where it is expected to draw scrutiny — though supporters argue Saudi Arabia was always going to pursue nuclear power with or without American involvement, and that keeping U.S. companies in the driver’s seat is the better outcome for both American industry and long-term regional stability.
This story is developing.
